Colorful images of six breakdancers performing different moves

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R.1, R.2, R.3, R.4, R.7, R.9, W.3, SL.1, L.4, L.6

The History of Breaking

How a style of dance created on the streets of New York City made its way to this year’s Olympics  

Courtesy of Reggie Peters

Reggie Peters

    When Reggie Peters was your age, the playground was the place to be. But he wasn’t there for the swings and slides. It was the early 1980s in New York City. And what was happening at the playground was about to change Reggie’s life.

    Every day in the summer, people would show up with crates of records and turntables. Others brought drums, horns, and saxophones. Teens came in tracksuits and new sneakers, ready to show off their style. Young people—from kindergartners to college students—gathered to enjoy the music. 

    Enjoying meant more than just listening. Kids would set up a piece of cardboard on the ground. That’s when the show began. 

    Dancers would take turns to see who could do the wildest moves. They would spin on their backs or heads. They’d do flips and tumbles and elaborate footwork. With every trick, the crowd went wild.

    What were they doing?

    Today you might know it as breakdancing. But to the people who created it, it was just called breaking. And it was about to take over the world.

    As a kid, Reggie Peters often went to the playground. But he didn’t go for the swings and slides. It was the early 1980s. He was in New York City. And those days at the playground would change Reggie’s life.

    In the summer, people showed up with records and turntables. Others brought drums, horns, and saxophones. Teens wore tracksuits and new sneakers. They showed off their style. Young people gathered for the music. 

    But listening wasn’t all they did. Kids would put cardboard on the ground. Then the show began. 

    Dancers took turns. Each tried to do the best moves. They would spin on their backs or heads. They’d do flips and tumbles and elaborate footwork. The crowd would go wild.

    What were they doing?

    You might know it as breakdancing. But it’s actually called breaking. And it was about to take over the world.

    When Reggie Peters was your age, the playground was the place to be—but he wasn’t there for the swings and slides. It was the early 1980s in New York City, and what was happening at the playground was about to change Reggie’s life.

    Every day in the summer, people would show up with crates of records and turntables, while others brought drums, horns, and saxophones. Teens arrived in tracksuits and new sneakers, ready to show off their style. Young people—from kindergartners to college students—gathered to enjoy the music. 

    However, enjoying meant more than just listening. Kids would lay a piece of cardboard on the ground. And that’s when the show began. 

    Dancers would take turns to see who could do the wildest moves. They would spin on their backs or heads, flip and tumble, and do elaborate footwork—and with every trick, the crowd would go wild.

    What were they doing?

    Today you might know it as breakdancing, but to the people who created it, it was just called breaking. And it was about to take over the world.

What Is Breaking?

Eddie Barford/Mirrorpix/Getty Images

Dance Crew
Many B-boys and B-girls were members of crews, or groups, of dancers. This crew, the Eastwood Rockers, is practicing their moves.

    Breaking started in a part of New York City called the Bronx. In the 1970s and 1980s, it was a tough place to live. Work was hard to find, especially in Black and Latine neighborhoods. There was a lot of crime. In many places, gangs ruled the streets.

    The young people living there needed a release. So they found ways to have fun. In 1973, hip-hop music was created in the South Bronx. It grew through parties thrown by teenagers. 

    One of the things that makes hip-hop unique is something called the break. During a break in a song, all instruments usually stop—except the drums.

    Breaks gave dancers a chance to show off their moves. These dancers were known as B-boys and B-girls. They had nicknames like Crazy Legs, Lollipop, and Frosty Freeze. 

    Their moves reflected their personalities. They were the kings and queens of every hip-hop party.

    Breaking started in the Bronx. That’s a part of New York City. In the 1970s and 1980s, it was a tough place to live. Work was hard to find, especially in Black and Latine neighborhoods. There was a lot of crime. There were gangs.

    Young people there needed a release. So they found ways to have fun. In 1973, hip-hop music was created in the South Bronx. It started at parties thrown by teens. 

    Hip-hop has something called a break. During a break, the instruments usually stop—except the drums.

    Dancers showed off their moves during the breaks. These dancers were known as B-boys and B-girls. They had nicknames like Crazy Legs, Lollipop, and Frosty Freeze. Their moves reflected their personalities. They were the kings and queens of every hip-hop party.

    Breaking started in a part of New York City called the Bronx. In the 1970s and 1980s, it was a tough place to live. Work was difficult to find, especially in Black and Latine neighborhoods, and there was a lot of crime, with gangs ruling many streets.

    The young people living there needed a release, so they found ways to have fun. In 1973, hip-hop music was created in the South Bronx, and it grew through parties thrown by teenagers. 

    One of the things that makes hip-hop unique is something called the break. During a break in a song, all instruments usually stop—except the drums.

    Breaks gave dancers a chance to show off their moves. These dancers were known as B-boys and B-girls, and they had nicknames like Crazy Legs, Lollipop, and Frosty Freeze. Their moves reflected their personalities, and they were the kings and queens of every hip-hop party.

Going Global

    Soon breaking spread beyond the Bronx. It was even featured in movies like Flashdance and Beat Street

    Reggie remembers seeing a movie called Wild Style being shot at his local playground. Kids he knew were dancing in front of the camera. “I want in,” he remembers thinking.

    Then his chance arrived. Reggie joined a dance company called New York Express. The leader of the group hoped to spread hip-hop culture around the world. 

    New York Express performed at fancy art festivals alongside ballet dancers and classical musicians. And it was a hit! 

    Soon New York Express was touring Europe and Asia—but only on school breaks. Most of its young dancers were still students. They would arrive back in New York City with stories from around the world.

    Soon breaking spread beyond the Bronx. It was featured in movies like Flashdance and Beat Street

    A movie called Wild Style was shot at Reggie’s local playground. He saw kids he knew dancing in front of thecamera. “I want in,” he remembers thinking.

    So Reggie joined New York Express. It was a dance company. The leader hoped to spread hip-hop culture around the world. 

    New York Express performed at festivals alongside ballet dancers and classical musicians. And it was a hit! 

    Soon New York Express was touring Europe and Asia—but only on school breaks. Most of its dancers were students. They would return to New York City with stories from around the world.

    Soon breaking spread beyond the Bronx. It was even featured in movies like Flashdance and Beat Street

    Reggie remembers seeing a movie called Wild Style being filmed at his local playground. Kids he knew were dancing in front of the camera. “I want in,” he recalls thinking.

    Then his chance arrived. Reggie joined New York Express, a dance company. The leader of the group hoped to spread hip-hop culture around the world. 

    New York Express performed at fancy art festivals alongside ballet dancers and classical musicians. And it was a hit! 

    Soon the group was touring Europe and Asia—but only on school breaks. Most of its young dancers were still students. They would arrive back in New York City with stories from around the world.

To the Olympics

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Many kids danced to music played on boom boxes.

    What made breaking special back in the day was that anyone could try it. You didn’t need fancy equipment. You didn’t have to take expensive lessons. All you needed was a floor and time to practice. 

    Maybe that’s why breaking has only gotten bigger. Today you can still see B-boys and B-girls showing off their moves in cities around the world. They dance on sidewalks, in subway cars, and at parties. But you can also watch them on the biggest stages. This year, breaking will be an Olympic sport for the first time.

    Today Reggie works at The Hip Hop Museum in the Bronx. He is passionate about sharing the history and culture of breaking. 

    He is also proud of how it’s come a long way from its humble beginnings. “It’s big for people from the Bronx to see kids in places like Japan and Afghanistan loving this thing we created,” he says. 

    What made breaking special was that anyone could try it. You didn’t need fancy equipment. You didn’t have to take expensive lessons. You just needed a floor and time to practice. 

    Maybe that’s why breaking got even bigger. Today you can see B-boys and B-girls dancing around the world. They still dance on sidewalks, in subway cars, and at parties. But you can also watch them on the biggest stages. And this year, breaking will be an Olympic sport for the first time.

    Today Reggie works at The Hip Hop Museum. It’s in the Bronx. He loves sharing the history and culture of breaking. 

    Breaking has come a long way from its humble beginnings. Reggie is proud of that. “It’s big for people from the Bronx to see kids in places like Japan and Afghanistan loving this thing we created,” he says.

    What made breaking special back in the day was that anyone could try it. There was no need for fancy equipment or expensive lessons—only a floor and time to practice. 

    Perhaps that’s why breaking has only gotten bigger. Today you can still see B-boys and B-girls showing off their moves in cities around the world, dancing on sidewalks, in subway cars, and at parties. But you can also watch them on the biggest stages, and this year, breaking will be an Olympic sport for the first time.

Today Reggie works at The Hip Hop Museum in the Bronx. He is passionate about sharing the history and culture of breaking. 

    He is also proud of how it’s come a long way from its humble beginnings. “It’s big for people from the Bronx to see kids in places like Japan and Afghanistan loving this thing we created,”
he says.

The Hip-Hop Movement

Along with breaking, these three art forms came out of the Bronx in the 1970s and ‘80s.

Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images (DJ); Raymond Boyd/Getty Images (MCs); Laura Levine/Corbis via Getty Images (Mural)

A- DJing  
DJs used records and turntables to make beats.

B- MCing  
MCs were the very first rappers. They added words to the DJs’ music.

C- Graffiti  
Artists created colorful murals with spray paint.

A- DJing  
DJs used records and turntables to make beats.

B- MCing  
MCs were the very first rappers. They added words to the DJs’ music.

C- Graffiti  
Artists created colorful murals with spray paint.

A- DJing  
DJs used records and turntables to make beats.

B- MCing  
MCs were the very first rappers. They added words to the DJs’ music.

C- Graffiti  
Artists created colorful murals with spray paint.

Meet an Olympic B-Girl

Harry How/Getty Images

Sunny loves moves where she can be upside down!

    Over the past few decades, breaking has gone from a playground hobby to an international sport. In competition, B-boys and B-girls are judged on creativity and personality—and of course, their dance moves. This summer, breaking will be a new event at the Olympic Games in Paris. Sunny Choi is a B-girl with Team USA. We talked to her about breaking, failure, and following her dreams.

You were a gymnast as a kid. How is that different from breaking?

    With gymnastics, you’re doing a planned routine. You have to be perfect. With breaking, you’re improvising, and you want to show your personality. Both involve being upside down a lot, which I love! It’s such a rush. 

How did you discover breaking?

    I stopped doing gymnastics when I got to college. I was looking for something to do. One day, I was walking around campus, and I saw some people dancing. They were the breaking club. I watched for a while, and they invited me to come take a class. I was hooked right away!

Last year, you quit your job to focus on breaking. Was that scary?

    Yes! I had a good job, but I wasn’t happy. I was really scared of giving that up and then failing at breaking. I had to tell myself that even if that happens, it’s OK. It’s worth it to do what I love.

What makes breaking special?

    There’s so much that makes it special. To me, one of the coolest things is the international community that we have. You can dance with somebody who speaks a different language and still connect with them. I also love how anyone can try it: All you need is a floor and music. 

    Over a few decades, breaking has gone from a playground hobby to an international sport. In competition, B-boys and B-girls are judged on creativity and personality—and of course, their dance moves. This summer, breaking will be a new event at the Olympic Games in Paris. Sunny Choi is a B-girl with Team USA. We talked to her about breaking, failure, and following her dreams.

You were a gymnast as a kid. How is that different from breaking?

    With gymnastics, you do a planned routine. You have to be perfect. With breaking, you’re improvising. You show your personality. Both involve being upside down, which I love! It’s such a rush. 

How did you discover breaking?

    In college, I gave up gymnastics. I wanted something else to do. One day, I was walking around campus. I saw people dancing. They were the breaking club. I watched for a while. They invited me to take a class. I was hooked right away!

Last year, you quit your job to focus on breaking. Was that scary?

    Yes! I had a good job. But I wasn’t happy. I was scared to quit and then fail at breaking. But I told myself that it’s OK. It’s worth it to do what I love.

What makes breaking special?

    There’s so much that makes it special. One special thing is the international community that we have. You can dance with somebody who speaks a different language and still connect with them. I also love how anyone can try it. All you need is a floor and music. 

    Over the past few decades, breaking has gone from a playground hobby to an international sport. In competition, B-boys and B-girls are judged on creativity and personality—and of course, their dance moves. This summer, breaking will be a new event at the Olympic Games in Paris. Sunny Choi is a B-girl with Team USA. We talked to her about breaking, failure, and following her dreams.

You were a gymnast as a kid. How is that different from breaking?

    With gymnastics, you’re doing a planned routine, and you have to be perfect. With breaking, you’re improvising, and you want to show your personality. Both involve being upside down a lot, which I love! It’s such a rush. 

How did you discover breaking?

    I stopped doing gymnastics when I got to college, and I was looking for something to do. One day, I was walking around campus and saw some people dancing. They were the breaking club. I watched for a while, and they invited me to come take a class. I was hooked immediately!

Last year, you quit your job to focus on breaking. Was that scary?

    Yes! I had a good job, but I wasn’t happy. I was really scared of giving that up and then failing at breaking. I had to tell myself that even if that happens, it’s OK. It’s worth it to do what I love.

What makes breaking special?

    There’s so much that makes it special. To me, one of the coolest things is the international community that we have. You can dance with somebody who speaks a different language and still connect with them. I also love how anyone can try it: All you need is a floor and music. 

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