CCSS

R.1, R.2, R.3, R.4, R.7, R.9, W.2, SL.1, L.4, L.6

Standards

BloodSucking Beasts!

The Rise of the Vampire

Three hundred years ago, stories of frightening fanged creatures spread across Europe. 

Mark Turner/Alamy Stock Photo

Jim McMahon/Mapman ® 

    It was a cold day in January 1732. Villagers gathered at the local cemetery, hoping for answers. 

    Over the past few months, 17 people of all ages had died in Medvegna [mehd-vehd-zuh], Serbia. (That’s a country in Southeastern Europe.) One young girl woke up screaming that a recently dead boy had attacked her. She was healthy before, but she died three days later.

    A doctor named Johannes Flückinger went to the village to help. But he didn’t come with medicine. He came with shovels to dig up the local cemetery. Because back then, there was only one thing that could cause such horror and death: a vampire. 

    It was 1732. It was a cold day in January. Villagers went to the local cemetery. They wanted answers.

    They lived in Medvegna [mehd-vehd-zuh], Serbia. (That’s a country in Southeastern Europe.) People had been dying. One was a young girl. She was healthy. But she had woken up screaming. She said a dead boy had attacked her. She died three days later.

    Johannes Flückinger went to the village to help. He was a doctor. But he didn’t bring medicine. He came with shovels. He planned to dig up the graves. Why? Back then, only a vampire could cause such horror and death.

    It was a cold day in January 1732. Villagers gathered at the local cemetery, hoping desperately for answers.

    Over the past few months, 17 people of all ages had died in Medvegna [mehd-vehd-zuh], Serbia. (That’s a country in Southeastern Europe.) One young girl woke up screaming that a recently dead boy had attacked her. She had been healthy before that night, but she perished three days later.

    A doctor named Johannes Flückinger went to the village to help, but he didn’t come with medicine. Instead, he brought shovels to dig up the local cemetery, because back then there was only one thing that was known to cause such horror and death: a vampire.

Spreading Fear

    The word vampire first appeared in 1725. Since then, it has been used to describe a certain type of monster with fangs. A vampire is typically a person who has died and then comes back to life. It rises from its grave or coffin at night to feed on the blood of living humans. Once bitten, those people turn into vampires too.

    Vampire stories often started out in small villages like Medvegna. These tales were passed from village to village, spreading fear with them.

    Back then, not much was known about germs and diseases. So when people died, villagers made sense of the deaths the only way they could: They believed that the first person to die was rising from their grave and killing the others. 

    How did they come up with such a wild story? They had proof, of course. 

    The word vampire first appeared in 1725. A vampire is a type of monster. Usually, it’s a person who has died and then comes back to life. It rises from its grave or coffin at night. It has fangs. It drinks blood from living humans. Once bitten, those people become vampires too.

    Vampire stories often started out in small villages like Medvegna. The tales passed from village to village, spreading fear.

    Back then, not much was known about germs and diseases. People made sense of death as best they could. When many people died at the same time, people believed that a vampire was the cause.

    How did they come up with such a wild story? They had proof, of course.

    The word vampire first appeared in 1725. Since then, it has been used to describe a certain type of monster with fangs. A vampire is typically a person who has died and then comes back to life. It rises from its grave or coffin at night to feed on the blood of living humans. Once bitten, those people turn into vampires too.

    Vampire stories often originated in small villages like Medvegna and were then passed from village to village, spreading fear as they went.

    Little was known about germs and diseases at that time, so when people died, villagers made sense of the deaths the only way they could: They believed that the first person to die was rising from their grave and killing the others.

    How did they come up with such a wild story? They had proof, of course.

World History Archive/Alamy Stock Photo (Dracula); FlixPix/Alamy Stock Photo (Twilight)

Horror and Romance
Over the years, vampires have been given a starring role in countless books and movies.

Monster or Disease?

    The only way to figure out if someone was a vampire was to dig up their grave. If the body had not decomposed, they were thought to be a vampire. There were other signs too. There might be blood in the corpse’s mouth. The hair and nails might appear to still be growing. 

    Today we know that this is all pretty normal. Cold temperatures underground can keep a body fresh for a long time. Pressure can build and push blood into the mouth. The skin also dries out, making it look like the corpse’s hair and nails have kept growing.

    But all that aside, one thing was true: People were dying. If it wasn’t vampires, what was killing them? 

    To see if someone was a vampire, you dug up their grave. If the body had not decomposed, they were thought to be a vampire. There were other signs too. There might be blood in the corpse’s mouth. The hair and nails might seem to still be growing. 

    Today we know that this is all normal. Cold temperatures underground can keep a body fresh for a long time. Pressure can push blood into the mouth. The skin also dries out. That makes it look like the corpse’s hair and nails have kept growing.

    Still, people were dying. If it wasn’t vampires, what was killing them?

    The only way to figure out if someone was a vampire was to dig up their grave. If the body hadn’t decomposed, the person was thought to be a vampire. There were other signs too, such as blood in the corpse’s mouth or hair and nails that appeared to still be growing.

    Today we know that this is all pretty normal. Cold temperatures underground can keep a body fresh for a long time. Pressure can build and push blood into the mouth. The skin also dries out, making it look like the corpse’s hair and nails have continued growing.

    But the fact remains that people were dying—so if it wasn’t vampires, what was killing them?

Explaining Death

Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photo

How to Stop a Vampire  
Stabbing or burning a corpse were common ways to “kill” a vampire. 

    Many experts today believe that a sickness like rabies could be the answer. Rabies is a disease that’s spread through animal bites. It affects the brain. Symptoms can include staying up all night—and even biting.

    Aside from rabies, many other diseases could be to blame. Illnesses could spread through a village quickly. Dozens of people could die within weeks. Imagine how scary that must have been! Blaming a vampire helped villagers explain what was happening. 

    Today we know that vampires aren’t real. We can explain disease and death with science. Yet we still love vampire stories. 

    From Dracula to Twilight, stories of these fanged beasts have captivated us for hundreds of years. They probably always will. Like the undead, these tales seem to never die. 

    Many experts today say it could have been rabies. Rabies is a disease. It’s spread through animal bites. It affects the brain. Symptoms can include biting and staying up all night.

    Other diseases could be to blame too. Illnesses could spread through a village quickly. Dozens of people could die within weeks. Imagine how scary that must have been! Blaming a vampire helped villagers explain what was happening.

    Today we know that vampires aren’t real. We can explain disease and death with science. Yet we still love vampire stories.

    From Dracula to Twilight, stories of these beasts have captivated us for many years. They probably always will. Like the undead, these tales seem to never die. •

    Many experts today believe that a sickness like rabies could be responsible. Rabies, a disease that affects the brain and is spread through animal bites, has symptoms that can include staying up all night—and even biting.

    Aside from rabies, many other diseases could be to blame. Illnesses could spread through a village rapidly, killing dozens of people within weeks. Imagine how frightening that must have been! Blaming a vampire helped villagers explain what was happening.

    Although we now know that vampires aren’t real and that disease and death can be explained with science, we still love vampire stories.

    From Dracula to Twilight, stories of these fanged beasts have captivated us for centuries and probably always will. Like the undead, these tales seem to never die. •

BloodSucking Beasts!

Hunting the Chupacabra

In the 1990s, a mysterious monster attacked animals across the Americas.  

Art by David Melvin

Creature Feature
There are many ideas of what the chupacabra looks like. Do you think this illustration gets it right?

Jim McMahon/Mapman ®

    It was 1995, and the island of Puerto Rico was gripped with fear. 

    Farmers woke up to find their livestock dead. The animals had bite marks on their necks. Their lifeless bodies looked like they had been drained of blood. Sometimes as many as 40 sheep were killed at once. 

    Was this the work of a monster?

    Rumors spread quickly. Soon the beast was given a name: el chupacabra (the goat-sucker). 

    Many people claimed to have seen the chupacabra. But they described it in different ways. Reading what they said, it’s hard to imagine a single creature.  

    It either walks on two legs—or four. 

    It has wings—or it doesn’t.

    It has a long, spiky tail—or no tail at all.

    It hops. It runs. It floats. It has scales. It has feathers. It has fur. 

    So what is the chupacabra? And does it even exist?

    It was 1995. The island of Puerto Rico was gripped with fear.

    Farmers woke up to find their livestock dead. The animals had bite marks on their necks. Their bodies looked like they had been drained of blood. Sometimes as many as 40 sheep were killed at once.

    Was this the work of a monster?

    Rumors spread quickly. People called the beast el chupacabra (the goat-sucker).

    Many people claimed to have seen the chupacabra. But they described it differently.

    It walks on two legs—or four.

    It has wings—or it doesn’t.

    It has a long, spiky tail—or no tail at all.

    It hops. It runs. It floats. It has scales. It has feathers. It has fur.

    So what is the chupacabra? And does it even exist?

    It was 1995, and the island of Puerto Rico was gripped with fear.

    Farmers awoke to find their livestock dead. The animals had bite marks on their necks, and their lifeless bodies looked like they had been drained of blood. Sometimes as many as 40 sheep were killed at once.

    Was this the work of a monster?

    Rumors spread quickly, and the beast soon had a name: el chupacabra (the goat-sucker).

    Many people claimed to have seen the chupacabra, but their descriptions varied dramatically. Reading what they said, it’s hard to imagine a single creature.

    It either walks on two legs—or four.

    It has wings—or it doesn’t.

    It has a long, spiky tail—or no tail at all.

    It hops. It runs. It floats. It has scales. It has feathers. It has fur.

    So what is the chupacabra—and does it even exist?

Scary Times

Kim Karpeles/Alamy Stock Photo 

Cashing In 
The legend of the chupacabra is popular across the Americas.

    The chupacabra first appeared at a difficult time for Puerto Rico. In September 1995, Hurricane Marilyn slammed into the island. The storm caused millions of dollars in damage. Bad weather made farming difficult. Dengue fever—an illness spread by mosquitoes—was everywhere.

    It’s easy to understand why people panicked when farm animals turned up dead. And that panic only made the stories spread faster. Newspapers printed articles about the chupacabra. Some people claimed to have seen it themselves. 

    The mayor of one town even led a group of about 200 people into the jungle to hunt down the beast. 

    Still, nobody had caught or killed a chupacabra. There was no proof it was real.

    The chupacabra first appeared in Puerto Rico. In September 1995, Hurricane Marilyn hit the island. The storm caused a lot of damage. Bad weather made farming difficult. Dengue fever was everywhere. That’s an illness spread by mosquitoes.

    It’s easy to see why people panicked when farm animals turned up dead. And that panic made the stories spread faster. Newspapers printed articles about the chupacabra. Some people claimed to have seen it themselves.

    A group of about 200 people went into the jungle to hunt down the beast.

    Still, there was no proof it was real.

    The chupacabra first appeared at a difficult time for Puerto Rico. In September 1995, Hurricane Marilyn slammed into the island, causing millions of dollars in damage. Bad weather made farming difficult, and dengue fever—an illness spread by mosquitoes—was everywhere.

    It’s easy to understand why people panicked when farm animals turned up dead. And that panic only made the stories spread faster. Newspapers printed articles about the chupacabra. Some people claimed to have seen it themselves.

    The mayor of one town even led a group of about 200 people into the jungle to hunt down the beast.

    Still, nobody had caught or killed a chupacabra. There was no proof it was actually real.

Monster Hunt

    The tale of the chupacabra soon spread to other countries. From 2000 to 2010, several people in the United States found what they thought were dead chupacabras. Journalists, scientists, and other experts rushed to examine them. What did they find?

    Several were dogs. Others were coyotes. One was a raccoon. So how did people mistake these ordinary animals for monsters?

    The answer was a skin disease called mange. An animal with mange can lose its fur and become very thin. Its skin becomes scaly and thick. It might have a strong smell.

    As it turns out, there was no monster sucking out blood. There were just sickly dogs and coyotes killing farm animals.

    The tale of the chupacabra soon spread to other countries. From 2000 to 2010, several people in the United States found what they thought were dead chupacabras. Journalists, scientists, and other experts rushed to examine them. What did they find?

    Some were dogs. Others were coyotes. One was a raccoon. How did people mistake these ordinary animals for monsters?

    The answer was mange. It’s a skin disease. An animal with mange can lose its fur and become very thin. Its skin becomes scaly and thick. It might have a strong smell.

    There were no monsters. There were just sickly dogs and coyotes killing farm animals.

    The tale of the chupacabra soon spread to other countries. From 2000 to 2010, several people in the United States found what they believed were dead chupacabras. Journalists, scientists, and other experts rushed to examine them. What did they find?

    Several were dogs. Others were coyotes. One was a raccoon. So how did people mistake these ordinary animals for monsters?

    The answer was a skin disease called mange. An animal with mange can lose its fur and become very thin. Its skin becomes scaly and thick, and might have a strong odor.

    As it turns out, there was no monster sucking out blood—only sickly dogs and coyotes killing farm animals.

Hidden Blood

    In the end, the story of the chupacabra all adds up. It just doesn’t add up to a monster. 

    It’s a story of fear in a difficult time. It’s a story of rumors running wild. It’s a story of people trying to explain something that doesn’t make sense. 

    Today scientists know the chupacabra isn’t real. But people still travel to Puerto Rico to hunt for it. You can watch movies and read books inspired by the famous monster. You can even buy chupacabra T-shirts, mugs, and toys. 

    After all, a monster doesn’t have to be real to scare us. It just needs a really great story. 

    In the end, the story of the chupacabra all adds up. It just doesn’t add up to a monster.

    It’s about fear. It’s about rumors. It’s about people trying to explain something that doesn’t make sense.

    Today scientists know the chupacabra isn’t real. But people still travel to Puerto Rico to hunt for it. There are movies and books inspired by the monster. There are even chupacabra T-shirts, mugs, and toys.

    A monster doesn’t have to be real to scare us. It just needs a really great story. 

    Ultimately, the story of the chupacabra all adds up—it just doesn’t add up to a monster.

    It’s a story of fear in a difficult time, of rumors running wild, and of people trying to explain something that doesn’t make sense.

    Today scientists know the chupacabra isn’t real, but people still travel to Puerto Rico to hunt for it. You can watch movies and read books inspired by the famous monster. You can even purchase chupacabra T-shirts, mugs, and toys.

    After all, a monster doesn’t have to be real to frighten us. It just needs a really great story. 

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