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Beware Snake Island

It might look like a fun place to explore, but watch your step. This island is home to thousands of deadly snakes.

Bird's eye view of an island with sign, "Beware Snake Island"

Shutterstock.com (Sign); Mark O’Shea/NHPA/Photoshot/Science Source (Bottom Snake); Shutterstock.com (Snake); JOAO MARCOS ROSA/NITRO/Redux (All Other Images)

Slideshow
World map highlighting Snake Island near Brazil

Jim McMahon/Mapman ®

Where in the World
Snake Island is located off the coast of Brazil. That’s the largest country in South America.

    What’s so scary about Snake Island? If you ask a person in Brazil, they’ll probably share some stories. 

    They might tell you about the fisherman who stopped at the island to look for bananas. He was later found in his boat, covered in blood and snakebites. 

    They might also mention the lighthouse keeper who used to live there. One night snakes came through his windows—and killed his whole family.

    These things probably didn’t happen. But the stories serve an important purpose.

    They keep people away from a place full of thousands of deadly snakes.

No Visitors

Photo of a snake wrapped around broken tree branch

JOAO MARCOS ROSA/NITRO/Redux

The golden lancehead viper can kill a humanbwith one bite.

    Snake Island is located off the coast of Brazil. That’s a country in South America. From far away, the island looks beautiful. Waves crash on rocky cliffs. Most of the island is covered in thick green rainforest.

    But up close, there’s a problem. In some places, you can’t even take a few steps without running into a golden lancehead viper. That’s one of the deadliest snakes in the world. The from just one bite can kill a person in under an hour. 

    In fact, the island is so dangerous that it’s closed to visitors. The only people allowed to go there are scientists who study the snakes. They always bring a doctor along—just in case somebody gets bitten.

Super Venom

    So how did all these snakes end up on the island? One legend says they were put there by pirates to protect their treasure. The truth is even more amazing—and humans had nothing to do with it.

    About 11,000 years ago, Snake Island was connected to Brazil. Then the ocean level rose. This separated the island from the mainland. 

    On the mainland, snakes hunted by biting their . Then they followed the prey until the venom from the bite worked.

    On the island, the only animals to eat were birds. A snake can’t exactly follow a bird into the sky. So the snakes to survive. Their venom got more powerful. It worked faster.

    Today, the snakes on the island can kill most prey almost instantly.

Lifesaving Snakes

    So why does anyone go to Snake Island? Scientists think they have a lot to learn from the lancehead. It can teach them how animals evolve. It can also show them what happens when one takes over an environment. 

    Plus, the snakes’ venom could be used in medicines. It’s already in a lifesaving blood pressure treatment. Scientists hope they will find more uses for it too.

    These deadly snakes are actually saving lives. 

Welcome to Pig Beach

Crowds of tourists come to this tiny island every year to swim with its adorable pigs. But how did the animals get there? 

Photo of two pigs swimming in clear blue open water

Courtesy of Trent from the Nina Lu

World map highlighting Pig Beach near the Bahamas

Jim McMahon/Mapman ®

Where in the World
Pig Beach, or Big Major Cay, is in the Bahamas. That’s an island country in the Atlantic Ocean.

    Let’s visit a tropical paradise. The white sand is warm under your toes. Clear blue water stretches out in all directions. Palm trees sway in the breeze. 

    And then you hear it: noises from the bushes. You’re not alone. Is that . . . oinking?

    Suddenly, you’re joined by the island’s only : about 20 big, hairy pigs. 

    Welcome to Big Major Cay, also known as Pig Beach. It’s in the Bahamas, a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean. Many tourists visit Big Major Cay every year.

    They come for one reason: to see the swimming pigs.

A Mystery

Image of two wild pigs

Klein & Hubert/NaturePL.com

    To get to Pig Beach, most people travel by boat. As you approach the shore, the pigs run out into the water. Sometimes they’ll even swim up to the boats and try to climb on, looking for treats. They know that most tourists bring fruit and vegetables to feed them.

    How did these pigs get to their island home? Nobody is sure, but there are several stories. 

    Some people say that the pigs survived a shipwreck and swam to the island. 

    Others believe that sailors left them there, planning to come back and eat them later. 

    But the most likely story is that farmers from another island put them there. Their neighbors were complaining about the pigs’ smell. So the farmers moved them to the closest island. 

    Every day, the farmers would visit the pigs to feed them. That’s how the pigs learned that boats meant food. They started swimming to meet them. 

Sweet Life

Photo of people on a boat feeding wild pigs on a beach

AndKa/Alamy Stock Photo

Swimming pigs greet boats that pull up to shore.

    No matter how the pigs got to Pig Beach, they have made the best of their unusual home. They get plenty to eat from visitors. People who live on nearby islands also help take care of them. 

    In fact, if it weren’t for humans, the pigs couldn’t survive on the island at all. There isn’t enough fresh water for them to drink. They would have a hard time finding food. 

    Some people say that’s a sign that the pigs shouldn’t be there at all. Is it really a good idea to keep animals in a place where they don’t naturally live? Are we doing what’s best for the pigs—or for tourists?

    But other people say these swimming pigs are lucky. They went from forgotten farm animals to celebrities. They’ve been featured on TV shows and gone viral on Instagram. 

    People pay a lot of money to lounge on the white sand beaches of the Bahamas and have food brought to them.

    The pigs get all that for free. 

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The Virtues of Venom

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Higher Level: Beware Snake Island/Welcome to Pig Beach

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Lower Level: Beware Snake Island/Welcome to Pig Beach

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