Close-up photo of the pocket of a pair of jeans

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R.1, R.3, R.4, R.6, R.7, R.9, W.2, W.3, SL.1, L.4, L.6

Jeans Take Over

How did all of America end up wearing the same pants?  

Levi Strauss & co., Archive

Jeans started off as work pants—as shown in this ad from the 1800s. 

    It was 1870 in western Nevada. Thousands of men had come to the dusty hills. They were all looking for the same thing: silver and gold. 

    Finding just one shiny nugget could make them rich. But searching was hard work. All day long, the workers bent over their shovels. They dug out and moved the heavy dirt. And they faced an annoying problem: Their pants kept ripping.

    One day, a worker’s wife visited a tailor named Jacob Davis. She asked him to make her husband a stronger pair of pants. Davis had round metal pins he used on horse blankets. He attached the pins—called rivets—to the pockets and fly of the new pants. Those were the parts that tore most easily.

    It worked! The new pants were much harder to rip. Soon every worker wanted a pair.

    More than 150 years later, Davis’s pants are still popular. In fact, you probably have a pair in your closet. You know them as jeans. 

    It was 1870. Thousands of men had come to western Nevada. They were all looking for silver and gold. 

    Finding just one nugget could make them rich. But searching was hard work. The workers bent over their shovels all day. They dug up heavy dirt. And they had an annoying problem: Their pants kept ripping.

    One day, a worker’s wife visited a tailor. His name was Jacob Davis. She asked him to make a stronger pair of pants for her husband. Davis had round metal pins called rivets. He used them on horse blankets. He attached the pins to the pockets and fly of the new pants. Those were the parts that tore most easily.

    It worked! The new pants were harder to rip. Soon every worker wanted a pair.

    Davis’s pants are still popular today. You probably have a pair. You know them as jeans. 

    It was 1870 in western Nevada, and thousands of men had come to the dusty hills. They were all looking for the same thing: silver and gold. 

    Finding just one shiny nugget could make them rich, but searching was hard work. All day long, the workers bent over their shovels as they dug out and moved the heavy dirt. They also faced an annoying problem: Their pants kept ripping.

    One day, a worker’s wife visited a tailor named Jacob Davis and asked him to make her husband a stronger pair of pants. Davis attached the round metal pins—called rivets—that he usually used on horse blankets to the pockets and fly of the new pants. Those were the parts that tore most easily.

    It worked! The new pants were much more resistant to rips. Before long, every worker wanted a pair.

    More than 150 years later, Davis’s pants are still popular. In fact, you probably have a pair in your closet right now. You know them as jeans. 

Tough Pants 

    Jeans existed long before Davis was born. For hundreds of years, workers in India, Italy, and France wore special work pants. They were made from thick, coarse fabrics. One of these fabrics became known as denim.

    Denim was perfect for work pants. The heavy cloth was sturdy yet comfortable. To help hide dirt, it was often dyed dark blue. 

    Denim came to America in the 1500s. That’s when Europeans started moving here. But it wasn’t until the 1870s that Davis invented his nearly indestructible pants. 

    Davis asked the person who sold him fabric to go into business with him. His name was Levi Strauss. Over the next 60 years, their riveted jeans became popular. They were worn by farmers, railroad builders, and other workers across America. 

    Jeans existed before Davis was born. For hundreds of years, workers in India, Italy, and France wore work pants. They were made from thick, coarse fabrics. One of these fabrics became known as denim.

    Denim was perfect for work pants. It was sturdy. It was comfortable too. It was often dyed dark blue to hide dirt. 

    Denim came to America in the 1500s. That’s when Europeans started moving here. But Davis didn’t invent his nearly indestructible pants until the 1870s.

    Davis bought the denim from a man named Levi Strauss. Davis asked Strauss to be his business partner. Over the next 60 years, their riveted jeans became popular. Farmers, railroad builders, and other workers across America wore them. 

    Jeans existed long before Davis was born. For hundreds of years, workers in India, Italy, and France wore special work pants made from thick, coarse fabrics. One of these fabrics became known as denim.

    Denim was excellent for work pants because the heavy cloth was sturdy yet comfortable. In order to help hide dirt, it was often dyed dark blue. 

    Denim came to America in the 1500s, when Europeans started moving here. But it wasn’t until the 1870s that Davis invented his nearly indestructible pants. 

    Davis invited the person who sold him fabric—Levi Strauss—to go into business with him. Over the next 60 years, their riveted jeans became more popular and were worn by farmers, railroad builders, and other workers across America. 

Fashion Choice

Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images

In the 1950s
Elvis Presley helped make jeans popular.

    So how did denim pants make their way into your life? It started in the 1930s. 

    By then, Americans loved Western movies. Suddenly, cowboys were cool. And cowboys usually wore jeans—at least in the movies. 

    By the 1950s, blue jeans had entered the fashion world. Rock star Elvis Presley danced onstage in his jeans. Actors like James Dean wore them to play tough-talking teens. 

    Many schools even banned the pants. They thought troublemakers wore them. But that only made jeans seem cooler.

    So how did denim pants make their way into your life? It started in the 1930s. By then, Americans loved Western movies. Suddenly, cowboys were cool. And in the movies, cowboys wore jeans. 

    By the 1950s, jeans had entered the fashion world. Rock star Elvis Presley wore them. Actors wore them to play tough-talking teens. 

    Many schools banned the pants. They thought troublemakers wore them. But that just made jeans seem cooler.

    So how did denim pants make their way into your life? It started in the 1930s. By that time, Americans were crazy about Western movies. Suddenly, cowboys were cool. And cowboys wore jeans—at least in the movies. 

    By the 1950s, blue jeans had entered the fashion world. Rock star Elvis Presley danced onstage in his jeans, and actors like James Dean wore them to play tough-talking teens. 

    Many schools even banned the pants, thinking that they were the clothing of troublemakers—but that only made jeans seem cooler.

Just for You

ABC Photo Archives/Disney General Entertainment Content via Getty Images

In the 1970s  
Stars like actress Farrah Fawcett fueled the bell-bottom craze.

    Today about 95 percent of Americans own jeans. You may even have a pair from Levi Strauss & Co. It’s still the biggest jeans company in the world.

    Jeans have changed over the years. There were bell-bottoms in the 1970s. There were high-waisted jeans in the 1980s. There were baggy styles in the 1990s. There were skinny jeans in the 2010s. 

    Every generation finds a new way to wear jeans. Maybe that’s the pants’ special power.

    They have been around for more than 150 years. They’re worn by everyone.

    But your favorite jeans somehow feel like they were made just for you. 

    Today about 95 percent of Americans own jeans. You may even have a pair from Levi Strauss & Co. It’s still the biggest jeans company in the world.

    Jeans have changed over the years. There were bell-bottoms in the 1970s. There were high-waisted jeans in the 1980s. There were baggy styles in the 1990s. There were skinny jeans in the 2010s. 

    Every generation finds a new way to wear jeans. Maybe that’s the pants’ special power.

    They have been around for more than 150 years. They’re worn by everyone.

    But your favorite jeans feel like they were made just for you. 

    Today about 95 percent of Americans own jeans. You may even have a pair from Levi Strauss & Co., which is still the biggest jeans company in the world.

    Jeans have changed over the years. There were bell-bottoms in the 1970s and high-waisted jeans in the 1980s. There were baggy styles in the 1990s and skinny jeans in the 2010s. 

    Every generation finds a new way to wear jeans. And maybe that’s the pants’ special power.

    They have been around for more than 150 years, and they’re worn by everyone.

    But your favorite jeans somehow feel like they were made just for you. 

The Rise of the Backpack

The surprising story behind an item you can’t live without 

Shutterstock.com

    Gerry Cunningham loved the outdoors. Growing up in the 1930s, he hiked. He skied. He rock climbed. But the 16-year-old had a problem: He had no good way to carry his stuff. Before every adventure, Gerry would toss his gear into a bag called a rucksack. Then he’d throw the rucksack on his back. 

    Rucksacks weren’t exactly comfortable. They were made of stiff fabric. They had thick leather straps. Every time you needed something, you had to take the heavy bag off your back.

    One day, Gerry decided he’d had enough. He sat down at his mother’s sewing machine and made a new bag. It had a smart feature: zippers. Now Gerry didn’t have to take his pack off while climbing. All he had to do was reach over his shoulder, pull a zipper, and grab what he needed. 

    Gerry’s bag was comfortable and easy to use. It was also the very first version of the zippered backpacks you love today. 

    Gerry Cunningham grew up in the 1930s. He loved the outdoors. He hiked. He skied. He rock climbed. But the 16-year-old had a problem: He had no good way to carry his stuff. So he put his gear in a rucksack. It was a bag you carried on your back. 

    Rucksacks weren’t comfortable. They were made of stiff fabric. You had to take the heavy bag off your back to get anything out of it.

    One day, Gerry got tired of it. He sat down at his mother’s sewing machine. He made a new bag. It had zippers. Now Gerry didn’t have to take his pack off while climbing. He could just reach over his shoulder, pull a zipper, and grab what he needed. 

    Gerry’s bag was comfortable. It was easy to use. It was also the first version of the zippered backpacks you love today. 

    Gerry Cunningham loved the outdoors. Growing up in the 1930s, he hiked, skied, and rock climbed. But the 16-year-old had a problem: He had no good way to carry his stuff. So before every adventure, Gerry would toss his gear into a bag called a rucksack and then throw the rucksack on his back. 

    Rucksacks weren’t exactly comfortable. They were made of stiff fabric, and they had thick leather straps. Every time you needed something, you had to take the heavy bag off your back.

    Gerry decided one day that he’d had enough of that, so he sat down at his mother’s sewing machine and made a new bag with a smart feature: zippers. After that, Gerry no longer had to take his pack off while climbing. All he had to do was reach over his shoulder, pull a zipper, and grab the item he needed. 

    Gerry’s bag was comfortable and easy to use. It was also the very first version of the zippered backpacks you love today. 

Perfect Material

Bettmann Archive/Getty Images (Book straps); Shutterstock.com (All Other Images)

Before Backpacks
Students used to carry their books in their arms or tied with a book strap.

    Gerry may have invented the zippered backpack. But people have been carrying their stuff on their backs for ages. One of the oldest known backpacks was made of wood and animal fur. It belonged to a man who lived in Europe 5,000 years ago. 

    By the late 1800s, most backpacks were made of a fabric called canvas. They were called knapsacks or rucksacks. These packs were used mostly by the military, travelers, and hikers like Gerry.

    In 1946, Gerry and his wife started selling his zippered backpacks, or “Gerrys.” Over the years, he kept improving his design. In 1967, he started using a fabric called nylon. It was strong like canvas but lighter. 

    These first nylon backpacks were still used mostly by hikers and climbers. 

    Then a new company named JanSport came along.

    Gerry invented the zippered backpack. But people have been carrying their stuff on their backs for ages. One of the oldest known backpacks was made of wood and animal fur. It belonged to a man who lived in Europe 5,000 years ago. 

    By the late 1800s, most backpacks were made of a fabric called canvas. They were called knapsacks or rucksacks. They were used mostly by the military, travelers, and hikers like Gerry.

    In 1946, Gerry and his wife started selling his zippered backpacks, or “Gerrys.” He kept improving his design. In 1967, he started using nylon. It was a strong fabric like canvas, but lighter. His nylon backpacks were used mostly by hikers and climbers. 

    Then JanSport came along.

    Gerry may have invented the zippered backpack, but people have been carrying their stuff on their backs for ages. One of the oldest known backpacks was made of wood and animal fur. It belonged to a man who lived in Europe 5,000 years ago. 

    By the late 1800s, most backpacks—called knapsacks or rucksacks at the time—were made of a fabric called canvas. These packs were used mostly by the military, travelers, and hikers like Gerry.

    In 1946, Gerry and his wife started selling his zippered backpacks, or “Gerrys.” Over the years, Gerry continued improving his design. In 1967, he started using a fabric called nylon, which was strong like canvas but lighter. These first nylon backpacks were still used mostly by hikers and climbers. 

    Then a company named JanSport came along.

Students Take Over

    In 1969, JanSport started making its own nylon backpack. It sold them mostly to outdoor-gear shops. But the backpacks also ended up in the sporting goods section of the University of Washington’s bookstore. 

    The bags became top sellers—but not for camping trips. Like most students at the time, UW students carried their textbooks in their arms. The books often got wet in the rain. JanSport’s backpacks kept them dry.

    Soon JanSport’s bags were in college bookstores across the country. Before long, other companies started selling their own styles. Within 10 years, students of all ages were using backpacks.

    JanSport is a company. In 1969, it started making its own nylon backpacks. They were sold at outdoor-gear shops. They were sold at the University of Washington’s bookstore too. 

    The bags became top sellers with students. Like most students at the time, UW students carried their textbooks in their arms. The books often got wet in the rain. JanSport’s backpacks kept them dry.

    Soon JanSport’s bags were in college bookstores across the country. Other companies began selling their own styles. Within 10 years, students of all ages were using backpacks.

    In 1969, JanSport started making its own nylon backpacks and selling them mostly to outdoor-gear shops. But the backpacks also ended up in the sporting goods section of the University of Washington’s bookstore. 

    The bags became top sellers—but not for camping trips. Like most students at the time, UW students carried their textbooks in their arms. The books often got wet in the rain, but JanSport’s backpacks kept them dry.

    Soon JanSport’s bags were in college bookstores across the country. Before long, other companies started selling their own styles. Within 10 years, students of all ages were using backpacks.

Part of Life

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    By the late 1980s, backpacks were everywhere. They became a way to show your style. You could choose a bold color or pattern. You could add pins of your favorite bands or sports teams. 

    Today backpacks are still indispensable for American students. Sure, the inside features tell you the world has changed. There are sleeves for tablets and pockets for phones. But the packs themselves aren’t so different from those in the 1960s. They’re comfortable and keep your stuff safe on the go.

    For that, you can thank Gerry Cunningham.

    By the late 1980s, backpacks were everywhere. They were a way to show your style. You could choose a bold color. You could add pins of your favorite sports teams. 

    Today backpacks are still indispensable for American students. The inside tells you the world has changed. There are sleeves for tablets. There are pockets for phones. But the packs themselves are a lot like those in the 1960s. They’re comfortable and keep your stuff safe on the go.

    For that, you can thank Gerry Cunningham. 

    By the late 1980s, backpacks were everywhere. They became a way to show your personal style. You could choose a bold color or pattern, and you could add pins of your favorite bands or sports teams. 

    Today backpacks are still indispensable for American students. Sure, the inside features tell you the world has changed. There are sleeves for tablets and pockets for phones. But the packs themselves aren’t very different from those in the 1960s. They’re comfortable and keep your stuff safe on the go.

    For that, you can thank Gerry Cunningham. 

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