Close-up photo of the pocket of a pair of jeans

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Jeans Take Over

How did all of America end up wearing the same pants?  

Slideshow
Illustration of a patent for farmers mechanics and miners

Levi Strauss & co., Archive

Jeans started off as work pants—as shown in this ad from the 1800s. 

    It was 1870 in western Nevada. Thousands of men had come to the dusty hills. They were all looking for the same thing: silver and gold

    Finding just one shiny nugget could make them rich. But searching was hard work. All day long, the workers bent over their shovels. They dug out and moved the heavy dirt. And they faced an annoying problem: Their pants kept ripping.

    One day, a worker’s wife visited a tailor named Jacob Davis. She asked him to make her husband a stronger pair of pants. Davis had round metal pins he used on horse blankets. He attached the pinscalled rivetsto the pockets and fly of the new pants. Those were the parts that tore most easily.

    It worked! The new pants were much harder to rip. Soon every worker wanted a pair.

    More than 150 years later, Davis’s pants are still popular. In fact, you probably have a pair in your closet. You know them as jeans

Tough Pants 

    Jeans existed long before Davis was born. For hundreds of years, workers in India, Italy, and France wore special work pants. They were made from thick, coarse fabrics. One of these fabrics became known as denim.

    Denim was perfect for work pants. The heavy cloth was sturdy yet comfortable. To help hide dirt, it was often dyed dark blue

    Denim came to America in the 1500s. That’s when Europeans started moving here. But it wasn’t until the 1870s that Davis invented his nearly indestructible pants. 

    Davis asked the person who sold him fabric to go into business with him. His name was Levi Strauss. Over the next 60 years, their riveted jeans became popular. They were worn by farmers, railroad builders, and other workers across America. 

Fashion Choice

Black & white photo of Elvis performing one of his signature dance moves

Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images

In the 1950s
Elvis Presley helped make jeans popular.

    So how did denim pants make their way into your life? It started in the 1930s

    By then, Americans loved Western movies. Suddenly, cowboys were cool. And cowboys usually wore jeansat least in the movies

    By the 1950s, blue jeans had entered the fashion world. Rock star Elvis Presley danced onstage in his jeans. Actors like James Dean wore them to play tough-talking teens

    Many schools even banned the pants. They thought troublemakers wore them. But that only made jeans seem cooler.

Just for You

Image of Farrah Fawcett on a skateboard

ABC Photo Archives/Disney General Entertainment Content via Getty Images

In the 1970s  
Stars like actress Farrah Fawcett fueled the bell-bottom craze.

    Today about 95 percent of Americans own jeans. You may even have a pair from Levi Strauss & Co. It’s still the biggest jeans company in the world.

    Jeans have changed over the years. There were bell-bottoms in the 1970s. There were high-waisted jeans in the 1980s. There were baggy styles in the 1990s. There were skinny jeans in the 2010s

    Every generation finds a new way to wear jeans. Maybe that’s the pants’ special power.

    They have been around for more than 150 years. They’re worn by everyone.

    But your favorite jeans somehow feel like they were made just for you

The Rise of the Backpack

The surprising story behind an item you can’t live without 

Image of a student wearing a backpack and jumping in the air

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    Gerry Cunningham loved the outdoors. Growing up in the 1930s, he hiked. He skied. He rock climbed. But the 16-year-old had a problem: He had no good way to carry his stuff. Before every adventure, Gerry would toss his gear into a bag called a rucksack. Then he’d throw the rucksack on his back

    Rucksacks weren’t exactly comfortable. They were made of stiff fabric. They had thick leather straps. Every time you needed something, you had to take the heavy bag off your back.

    One day, Gerry decided he’d had enough. He sat down at his mother’s sewing machine and made a new bag. It had a smart feature: zippers. Now Gerry didn’t have to take his pack off while climbing. All he had to do was reach over his shoulder, pull a zipper, and grab what he needed

    Gerry’s bag was comfortable and easy to use. It was also the very first version of the zippered backpacks you love today

Perfect Material

Black & white photo of a young boy and girl carrying their books before book bags existed

Bettmann Archive/Getty Images (Book straps); Shutterstock.com (All Other Images)

Before Backpacks
Students used to carry their books in their arms or tied with a book strap.

    Gerry may have invented the zippered backpack. But people have been carrying their stuff on their backs for ages. One of the oldest known backpacks was made of wood and animal fur. It belonged to a man who lived in Europe 5,000 years ago

    By the late 1800s, most backpacks were made of a fabric called canvas. They were called knapsacks or rucksacks. These packs were used mostly by the military, travelers, and hikers like Gerry.

    In 1946, Gerry and his wife started selling his zippered backpacks, or “Gerrys.” Over the years, he kept improving his design. In 1967, he started using a fabric called nylon. It was strong like canvas but lighter. 

    These first nylon backpacks were still used mostly by hikers and climbers. 

    Then a new company named JanSport came along.

Students Take Over

    In 1969, JanSport started making its own nylon backpack. It sold them mostly to outdoor-gear shops. But the backpacks also ended up in the sporting goods section of the University of Washington’s bookstore

    The bags became top sellersbut not for camping trips. Like most students at the time, UW students carried their textbooks in their arms. The books often got wet in the rain. JanSport’s backpacks kept them dry.

    Soon JanSport’s bags were in college bookstores across the country. Before long, other companies started selling their own styles. Within 10 years, students of all ages were using backpacks.

Part of Life

Image of a stuffed backpack

Shutterstock.com

    By the late 1980s, backpacks were everywhere. They became a way to show your style. You could choose a bold color or pattern. You could add pins of your favorite bands or sports teams

    Today backpacks are still indispensable for American students. Sure, the inside features tell you the world has changed. There are sleeves for tablets and pockets for phones. But the packs themselves aren’t so different from those in the 1960s. They’re comfortable and keep your stuff safe on the go.

    For that, you can thank Gerry Cunningham.

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