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The Dream Chaser

As a boy, Langston Hughes faced huge challenges. As a man, his words changed the world.  

Painting of Langston Hughes

Sarin Images/The Granger Collection

Slideshow

    By the time Langston Hughes was 20, he had lived in many places. None felt like home. The young poet always felt lonely and unwanted. He wished for a place where he belonged

    It wasn’t until he stepped off the subway in New York City in 1921 that he found it. In a neighborhood called Harlem, Black people were coming together. They were expressing themselves through music, writing, and art

    “Harlem!” Hughes later wrote. “I stood there, dropped my bags, took a deep breath, and felt happy again.” 

    Hughes had big dreams. And for him and other Black Americans, Harlem was special.

    It was a place where dreams came true

A Lonely Life

    Hughes was born in 1901. His parents divorced when he was young. He was mostly raised by his grandmother until he was 13. When she died, he went to live with his mom and stepdad. They moved around a lot.

    Being the new kid is never easy. But growing up Black in the early 1900s made everything harder. Hughes faced racism. In school, some kids and teachers were cruel to him simply because of the color of his skin. 

    Still, Hughes was a good student. He read books to escape his lonely life. He explored the work of authors and poets from all over the world. Reading made him feel like big things were possible for him.

    When his eighth-grade class needed to pick a class poet, everyone voted for Hughes. He read his first poem at graduation that year. The audience clapped for him. In that moment, Hughes had a new dream: He wanted to share his words with the world.

The Renaissance

Black & white photo of a busboy holding a platter of plates and glasses

Bettmann Archive/Getty Images

A Big Risk 
As a young man, Hughes worked as a busboy in a hotel. One day he left three of his poems for a customer—a famous poet named Vachel Lindsay. It was a big risk. Hughes could have been fired. But instead, Lindsay spread the word about the talented young poet.

    As Hughes was growing up, there was an important migration happening. Thousands of Black people moved north to escape the racism of the South. They headed to cities like New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. This was called the Great Migration. It was the largest migration of people in American history

    Harlem was a popular place to go. Nearly 175,000 Black people from all different backgrounds moved there. Poor and rich, educated and uneducatedthey all found a home in Harlem.

    The neighborhood became known as the capital of Black America. In cafés, churches, and theaters, Black people felt free to express themselves. They shared their experiences with racismbut also their joy and pride. Creativity exploded through music, writing, and art. It was a movement called the Harlem Renaissance

Welcome to Harlem

What was it like in the 1920s?

Image of an old car, of people playing instruments, and a statue

© James Van Der Zee, Metropolitan Museum of Art via Bridgeman Images (Car); Anthony Barboza/Getty Images (Bessie Smith); Gilles Petard/Redferns/Getty Images (Louis Armstrong); Smithsonian American Art Museum (Sculpture)

A- The Scene
People dressed up in their best clothes. Photographer James Van Der Zee took hundreds of pictures like the one here. He loved showing off the energy of the neighborhood.


B- The Music
Jazz music poured out of Harlem’s many clubs, theaters, and dance halls. Artists like Louis Armstrong and Bessie Smith (both pictured) became big stars.


C- The Art
Artists created art that celebrated being Black. Augusta Savage was one of the first artists to focus on the features of Black people in fine art. The sculpture above was modeled after her nephew.

Loving His People 

    When Hughes got to Harlem in 1921, he was ready to add his words to the movement. Being around so many Black people inspired him

    Much of the world was cruel to Black people. But Hughes celebrated them. One of his most famous poems is calledI, Too.” It talks about how Black Americans can rise up in their own beauty and power. It talks about how they are important to America too

    Hughes was known for writing in a way that everyone could understand. He paved the way for other Black writers to tell their stories.

A Home in Harlem

    Hughes never stopped writing. Before he died in 1967, he shared his thoughts in newspapers. He wrote hundreds of poems. His plays were performed on Broadway.

    Throughout his life, Hughes traveled the world. He spent time in Africa, Europe, and Asia. But he always came home to Harlem

    If you go there, you’ll see signs of his legacy. His face is painted in murals and graffiti. The street he lived on is named after him

    Hughes first showed up in Harlem as a lonely young man with a dream.

    Today, he is remembered by many as one of the most important writers in American history

Dreams

Hold fast to dreams

For if dreams die

Life is a broken-winged bird

That cannot fly.


Hold fast to dreams

For when dreams go

Life is a barren field

Frozen with snow.

Black & white photo of students dressed in winter clothing

Shutterstock.com

Here, dreams meanshopes for the future.” Hughes wrote a number of poems about the dreams that Black Americans had of better lives and equal treatment. His poetry is thought to have inspired Martin Luther King Jr.’s famous line, “I have a dream.”

Photo of Langston Hughes

Bettmann Archive/Getty Images (Book straps); Shutterstock.com (All Other Images)

Think about it: Hughes wrote this poem when he was about 21. What might some of his dreams have been

What are some of yours?

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Time Machine: Harlem Renaissance

Discover a vibrant community in 1920s New York City.

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Higher Level: The Dream Chaser/Dreams

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