CCSS

R.1, R.3, R.4, R.6, R.7, R.9, W.3, SL.1, L.4, L.6

The totally gross, totally fascinating

History of Teeth

Allan Davey (Jeweled Teeth); The Print Collector/Hulton Fine Art Collection/Getty Images (George Washington); Ira Block/National Geographic Image Collection (Mummy); Carver Mostardi/Alamy Stock Photo (Ancient Grill); Sebastian Kaulitzki/Alamy Stock Photo (Tooth); Shutterstock.com (All Other Images)

Slideshow

Royal Ontario Museum

    How did the mummy die?

    That is what scientists wanted to know. They were studying a mummy they called Djed [jed]. They knew she was a woman. They knew she had lived more than 3,000 years ago in Egypt. And they knew that somehowwhen she was about 30Djed died

    Had she been bitten by a cobra? Attacked by a crocodile?

    After studying Djed, the scientists discovered the surprising answer. She died because of a bad tooth.

    The experts took X-rays of Djed’s 3,000-year-old jaw. They saw that one of her teeth had never grown in

    Over time, the hole in her gum got infected. It filled with stinky, yellow pus.

    Today, this infection could easily be cured. We have medicines called antibiotics.

    But those did not exist in Djed’s time. Scientists believe Djed’s infection spread into her bloodand killed her.

Terrible Fact of Life

    In the past, it was not uncommon for teeth to be deadly. Over the years, millions of people have suffered from terrible tooth problems.

    Knights would charge into battle with oozy sores on their gums. Princesses would cover their rotting teeth when they smiled. George Washington had only one tooth left by the time he became president

    Today, we know that proper brushing and flossing are important. They can prevent most serious tooth problems. And if they don’t, there are trained dentists who can help.

    But until the 1900s, most people had crooked and yellowed teeth. And they were always looking for ways to feel less pain and have better, brighter smiles.

Barbers as Dentists?

BorisShevchuk/Shutterstock.com

    Some long-ago tooth fixes were not so different from what we do today. People in ancient Rome understood that teeth needed to be replaced when they fell out. So they used bone, wood, or ivory to create fake teeth. In ancient Egypt, people made braces out of cat intestines

    But little was known about what caused tooth problems. Many people believed they were the work of evil spirits.

    By the 1700s, some people were using science to tackle tooth problems. Dentists were better trained. They used proper tools to fix and remove teeth. 

    Yet only the rich went to dentists. Most people counted on barbers to care for their teeth. That’s right. The same person who cut your hair also pulled out your teeth—with pliers. 

The worst part? There weren’t many ways to help the pain. Ouch!

Obsessed With Teeth

    In the 1800s, people understood more about taking care of teeth. Dental schools opened across Europe and the U.S. New laws stated that dentists had to have a license. This put the barbers out of business. And in the years to come, Americans became obsessed with taking care of their teeth.

    Today, around 300,000 dentists and dental experts work in the U.S. The most common tooth problems they see are cavities. These form when bacteria make acids in your mouth. These acids eat away at our teeth and create little holes. 

    Dental experts have powerful X-ray machines to spot cavities and other problems. Their tools clean teeth and gums. They give patients special medicine to stop pain. And they use braces to straighten teeth. 

    Many people still can’t pay for dental care. Some dentists volunteer to help them for free.

    Sadly, none of this was around to help Djed. But if scientists ever study our bodies in the future, you can probably be sure of one thing. 

    They’re not likely to find that any of us died because of a bad tooth.

Infographic

Teeth Through Time

Humans have been trying to fix their smiles for thousands of years.

Shutterstock.com

razyph/123RF.com (Braces); iStockPhoto/Getty Images (Pig, Tooth); Shutterstock.com (All Other Images)

1- Sugar Troubles
Humans first started to have tooth problems about 10,000 years ago. That’s when people began farming wheat, corn, and other grains. When we eat these grains, our bodies turn them into sugar. This sugar causes cavities.

2- Earwax Fillings
In ancient times, people filled cavities with interesting materials. They used silver, earwax, and even mashed-up bird brains!

3- Pig Brush
The bristle toothbrush was invented in China in 1498. The bristles were made of hair from a hog. Today’s bristles are made of nylon.

4- Ladybug Mush
Some ancient people used salt to make tooth pain go away. In Italy in the 1700s, people used crushed ladybugs.

5- Tooth Robbers
In the 1800s, criminals stole the teeth of soldiers who died in battle. They sold these teeth to dentists. The dentists used them to fix the smiles of rich people.

6- Magical Water?
A mineral called fluoride is added to tap water in parts of the U.S. Why? Fluoride—also found in many toothpastes— protects teeth from cavities. People whose homes have water with fluoride tend to have healthier teeth.

7- Braces Nation
Today, 4 million Americans have braces. Clear braces are made from a material that was first created by the space agency NASA!

Skills Sheets (1)
Leveled Articles (2)
PDF

Paired Texts

Higher Level: The History of Teeth & Teeth Through Time

Read or print a 800-900L version of these articles in magazine view.

PDF

Paired Texts

Lower Level: The History of Teeth & Teeth Through Time

Read or print a 500-600L version of these articles in magazine view.

Text-to-Speech