ullstein bild/The Granger Collection (Bicycle); Classic Image/Alamy Stock Photo (Protest)

CCSS

R.1, R.3, R.4, R.7, R.9, W.3, L.4, L.6 

Pedaling to Power

Today, bicycles are a fun way to get around. But 100 years ago, they were a secret weapon in women’s fight for equality

Slideshow

    Maybe you know what it’s like to be trapped at home.

    You don’t have a driver’s license. There are plenty of places to go. But they’re all too far away to walk to. You’re stuck with nothing to dountil you get on your bike.

    Suddenly, you’ve got the wind at your back. The wheels carry you faster than your legs ever could. Everything is within reach: the park, the basketball courts, your best friend’s house. The world is yours to explore.

    That’s how women felt when the bicycle first became popular. It wasn’t just a machine with two wheels, a seat, and pedals. It was a ticket to freedom.

black and white photo of women holding protests signs for women's voting rights

Everett Historical/Shutterstock.com

Cycling for Change 
Many suffragists—or women fighting for voting rights—rode bikes to meetings and protests.

A Need for Speed

    The bike was invented in 1817, but Americans didn’t embrace it until the 1890s. New models were cheaper, safer, and more comfortable. Everyone wanted one. Bike owners formed clubs and planned group rides. Bike companies organized races. 

    For women, the bicycle arrived at just the right time. To many of them, the home felt like a prison. Not many jobs were available to women outside the house. Instead, they were expected to spend their time doing housework and raising children.

    For women who wanted to go out, traveling wasn’t easy. Almost no one had cars until the 1920s. Before that, people used horses or carriages to get around—but keeping a horse was expensive. And hitching a horse to a carriage was considered a man’s job. 

    In addition, women’s clothes weren’t designed for walking or moving around. Tight garments called corsets made it hard to breathe. Skirts were so long they scraped the ground. One outfit could weigh as much as 25 pounds.

top: black and white photo of woman in a large dress. bottom: women in pants riding bicycles

Donna Beeler/Shutterstock.com (Before); iStockPhoto/Getty Images (After)

Bike Fashion  
Bloomers (above) were easier to move around in than skirts and corsets.   

On the Road

    In the 1890s, bikes finally helped women get out of the house. They were cheap. 

    And women didn’t need a man’s help to ride them. Country roads and city streets filled up with women riders. 

    As bikes became more popular, women had to change the way they dressed. It wasn’t just hard to ride in a corset and a long skirt—it was also dangerous. So some riders wore shorter skirts. Others put on baggy pants called bloomers.

    Many people were shocked to see women on wheels. They worried that bike-riding women would ignore their duties at home. They complained that bloomers made women look like men. 

    But women just kept riding. They rode to church. They rode to social events. They rode to get exercise. 

    By 1900, at least one-third of new cyclists were women.

The New Woman

a black and white photo of a woman in profile

Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty images

Susan B. Anthony

    The bicycle gave its women riders a brand-new feeling of confidence. They won independence from men. They gained the freedom to move around. And they wanted more.

    People began to talk about theNew Womanof the 1890s. The New Woman wore practical clothes. She wanted to go to college. She wanted a job. And she joined a growing movement to win the right to vote—often riding her bike to meetings and protests.

    Susan B. Anthony helped start that movement in The 1840s. By the 1890s, she was too old to learn how to ride a bike. But she understood why it was so important. The bicycle, she said, “has done more to [free] women than any one thing in the world.” 

Winning the Vote!

After riding to freedom on bicycles, women had an important fight ahead: gaining the right to vote.

a black and white photo of two women holding up a sign that says "votes for women"

Everett Collection Inc/Alamy Stock Photo

Women hold up a sign demanding the right to vote 

    It was November 2, 1920Election Day. All across the United States, people lined up to choose a president. But this year, something was different. For the first time, women stood in line to vote.

    Suffrage is a basic right in a democracy, but American women had to fight for it. That fight started in 1848, when the first women’s rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York. At this meeting, women discussed the ways they were unequal to men. And they demanded the right to vote.

    Nearly 70 years later, women hadn’t made much progress. The president at the time, Woodrow Wilson, refused to support them. And many Americans agreed with him. Women didn’t know enough about government to vote, they claimed. And voting would only distract them from their housework and kids.

    In January 1917, a women’s rights leader named Alice Paul got tired of waiting. She gathered a big group of protesters. Every day, they stood in front of the White House. They carried signs that read, “How long must women wait for liberty?” 

    By the fall, hundreds had been arrested. Some were beaten in prison. Others didn’t eat to make their pointand were fed by force.

    As the women were released, they told their stories to newspapers. Americans were shocked. Finally, President Wilson changed his mind. He gave a speech to lawmakers. “Give justice to women,” he told them

    And they did. In August 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was approved. It gave women the right to vote131 years after the first president was elected

a black and white photo of women voting

Underwood Archives/Getty Images

The Struggle for Suffrage 
This fight for suffrage began in 1848 and ended in 1920 when women voted for the first time

videos (1)
Video

Paired Texts

Timeline: Voting Rights

See how different groups of people have fought for the right to vote.

Leveled Articles (3)
PDF

Paired Texts

Higher Level: Pedaling to Power & Winning the Vote!

Read or print a 800-900L version of these article in magazine view.

PDF

Paired Texts

Middle Level: Pedaling to Power & Winning the Vote!

Read or print a 600L-700L version of this article in magazine view.

PDF

Paired Texts

Lower Level: Pedaling to Power & Winning the Vote!

Read or print a 500-600L version of these article in magazine view.

Text-to-Speech