Art by Gary Hanna

CCSS

R.1, R.2, R.3, R.4, R.7, W.3, L.4, L.6

The Shattered Sky

More than one hundred years ago, a disaster in Canada killed thousands of peopleand shocked the world

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Noble Driscoll

    Noble Driscoll, 13, woke up in a pile of rocks and crushed concrete. Where was his family? Where were his friends? Noble thought he might be the last person alive.

    It was December 6, 1917. Just minutes before, it had been a normal day in Halifax and Dartmouthtwo cities in Nova Scotia [SKOH-shuh], Canada. These cities sat on the Atlantic Ocean and were separated by a narrow harbor.

    Earlier that morning, a low mist hung over the water. And people were busy in Noble’s neighborhood in Halifax. Moms served up bowls of oatmeal. Kids gathered their schoolbooks. Dads went to work. Factories made flour and beer. At the harbor, men carried cargo onto giant ships.

    Noble could see the harbor from his backyard. He loved to watch the ships pass by. Most belonged to the military. They were carrying supplies to World War I—a terrible War In Europe. Millions of soldiers had already died there in bloody battles.

Illustration by Steve Stankiewicz

Two Cities 
Dartmouth is now part of the city of Halifax. But in 1917, Halifax and Dartmouth were two cities separated by a narrow harbor.

Crash! Whoosh

    On that morning of December 6, one of the ships near Halifax was the Mont-Blanc. It was loaded with dangerous chemicals, like benzol. This is a liquid similar to gasoline that can blow up easily

    Around 8:30 a.m., the Mont-Blanc entered Halifax Harbor. At the same time, a ship called the Imo was leaving the harbor. As the two ships sped toward each other, both pilots blared their whistles. But it was too late

    Crash!

    The Imo smashed into the Mont-Blanc. The barrels of benzol fell over and broke open. The metal on the two ships scraped together. Sparks flew. And then . . .

    WHOOSH!

    The benzol burst into flames. Francis Mackey, the Mont-Blanc’s pilot, knew there was nothing he could do. Soon the rest of the chemicals on the ship would catch fire too.

Ripped to Pieces 

    Mackey and the Mont-Blanc crew quickly hopped into lifeboats. As they rowed toward shore, Mackey waved and shouted at other ships to warn them of the danger. But no one seemed to notice.

    Back home, Noble saw flames from the Mont-Blanc flicking toward the sky. He walked toward the harbor for a better look. The Mont-Blanc was now floating toward Noble’s neighborhood. And at about 9 a.m. . . . 

    BOOM! An explosion rocked the harbor.

    In a fraction of a second, the Mont-Blanc was ripped to pieces. The explosion likely reached 9,000 degrees. People could feel the ground shake 250 miles away.

    In Dartmouth and Halifax, ships flipped over. Trains flew off rails. Factories fell down. Doors were ripped off houses, trees snapped in two, and windows shattered

    The force of the explosion lifted Noble into the air. He landed near his school, unconscious. For about 10 minutes, black rain fella mix of burned benzol, melted metal, and other debris.

Nova Scotia Archives & Records Management (Before); Library and Archives Canada/C-019945 (After)

Along the Waterfron
Top: Halifax before the explosion. Many houses were made of wood, which caught fire after the blast. Bottom: A view of Halifax after the explosion.

More Horror

    When Noble woke up, he saw that most of the buildings were gone. Fires burned everywhere. His jacket had been blown off. His skin was blackened by the rain, and pieces of glass stuck in his hair.

    But there was more horror to come. The explosion set off a huge wave that crashed through Dartmouth and Halifax. It knocked over more buildings and swept people away

    Luckily for Noble, the wave did not reach him. In a daze, he headed back toward his house. When he got there, there was almost nothing left

    And Noble learned that one of his 13 siblingshis little brother Gordonwas missing.

Looking for Answers

All Canada Photos/Alamy Stock Photo

The bell tower sits on top of a hill in Halifax.

    The Mont-Blanc explosion was one of the most powerful explosions in history. Thousands of people lost homes and jobs. About 2,000 people died, and at least 9,000 were injured

    People were angry. They wanted answers, and many blamed Mackey. Now experts say that the accident was not his fault.

    Today, Halifax is a busy city. And the explosion is still an important part of its history. Mention it to nearly anyone, and he or she can probably tell you about a relative who lived through it.

    As for Noble? Sadly, his brother Gordon was never found. The family went on as best as they could. In 1919, World War I ended. People everywhere were ready to rebuild their lives.

    Noble grew up and got married. He managed a store. He lived in a house near the childhood home he lost in the explosion.

    In that neighborhood today, there is a bell tower at the top of a hill overlooking the harbor. Each December 6, the bells ring to remind everyone of the day the sky shattered.

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Slideshow

ACTIVITY
Finding text evidence

Maritime Museum of the Atlantic (War Ship); Digitally restored by Joel Zemel (Original Image Courtesy of Janet Maybee and the Mackey Family) (Francis Mackey)

Wartime Ships
Like many ships used in World War I, the Mont-Blanc (shown above) was not originally built for war. Its pilot, Francis Mackey (left), was one of the most respected pilots in Halifax.

You’ve just readThe Shattered Sky.” Now do this activity to help you better understand the article.

Tip: Text evidence means details in a story that support an answer or show that it is true.

What to do: Use text evidenceor details from the articleto answer the questions below. We did the first one for you.

number one

What damage did the Halifax explosion cause?

HINT: Look for the answer in the sectionRipped to Pieces.”

Answer: Ships flipped over, trains flew off rails, factories fell down, doors were ripped off houses, trees snapped, and windows shattered.

number two

What did Noble look like when he woke up

HINT: Look for the answer in the sectionMore Horror.”

number three

What crashed through Dartmouth and Halifax after the blast? What did it do

HINT: Look for the answer in the sectionMore Horror.”

number four

How many people died in the explosion? How many people were injured

HINT: Look for the answer in the sectionLooking for Answers.”

Think About It! How powerful and destructive was the Halifax explosion?

videos (1)
Video

Nonfiction Feature

Behind the Scenes: The Shattered Sky

Author Kristin Lewis shares how she researched and wrote this article about a deadly disaster.

Leveled Articles (2)
PDF

Nonfiction Feature

Higher Level: The Shattered Sky

Read or print a 800L-900L version of this article in magazine view.

PDF

Nonfiction Feature

Lower Level: The Shattered Sky

Read or print a 500L-600L version of this article in magazine view.

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